Sura 10 Yūnus Jonah
يُونُس
Blogged
on 29122023
10 is the first of six surahs which open with the tri-letters alif, lam and ra'
Jonah and the giant fish in
the Jami' al-tawarikh (c.
1400), Metropolitan Museum of ArtJonah (top-right) in Zubdat al-Tawarikh,
a 16th-century.
The initial verses of the chapter (1–70) present an
argumentative dialogue between Islam and its unbelievers.
The
remaining verses contain the stories of Noah, Moses and Jonah, all prophets in Islam
Verse [Section]
Complete
[11]
1-10
[1]
11-20
[2]
21-30
[3]
31-40
[4]
41-53
[5]
54-60
[6]
61-70
[7]
71-82
[8]
83-92
[9]
93-103
[10]
104-109
[11]
Surah
10. Yunus
1-10
[1]
1-2 Al-Quran is the book of wisdom
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3-5 Allah is the One Who created this
universe and He is the One Who originates the creation and repeats it
(10:3)
Arabic word Rabb implies three things namely Providence, Supremacy and Sovereignty,
likewise the Arabic word ibadat
also contains three corresponding implications.
(1)
Worship: (2) Servitude: (3)
Obedience:
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6-10 There are signs of His manifestation in
the creation of heaven, earth, sun, moon, day and night
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11-20
[2]
11-14 Behavior of the wrong doers towards Allah
and His revelations
(10:11) Were Allah15 to
hasten to bring upon men (the consequence of) evil in the way men hasten in
seeking the wealth of this world, their term would have long since expired.
(But that is not Our way.) So We leave alone those who do not expect to meet
Us that they may blindly stumble in their transgression.
(10:14) Now We have
appointed you as their successors in the earth to see how you act.18
18.
(Ayats
13-14) have been pointedly
addressed to the Arabs so as to say, “O Prophet (peace be upon him) of Arabia,
learn a lesson from the communities that have passed before you. They were
given an opportunity for doing good deeds in their time but instead of this they
adopted the attitude of transgression and rebellion and rejected the teachings
of the Messengers who had been sent for their guidance. As they failed in Our test, We dismissed them
from leadership. Now, O people of Arabia, your turn has come and you have replaced
them and have gotten the opportunity for doing the same work under the guidance
of Our Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). You must understand that you are
undergoing the same test in which your predecessors have failed. If you do not
want to meet with the end they met, you should make the right use of this
opportunity by learning a lesson from their end and by avoiding the errors,
which became the ultimate cause of their destruction.
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15 -17
(10:16) Tell them: 'Had Allah so willed, I would not have recited
the Qur'an to you, nor would Allah have informed you of it. I have spent a
lifetime among you before this. Do you, then, not use your reason?21
The
argument is this: You yourselves have witnessed the forty years of his life
before his appointment to Prophethood. He was born in your own city and passed
his boyhood, youth and middle age before your very eyes. He lived among you and
had all kinds of relations, social, marital, economic, etc. with you. So much
so that no aspect of his life was hidden from you. Did you notice anything in
his whole life that might show that he could be the author of this Book? Do you
not use your commonsense?
First, during the forty years of his life before Prophethood, he
had neither received any education nor training nor sat in any company that
should have enabled him to become the author of such a Book as was full of
unique things that were unknown to the people around him. No one had ever heard
from him anything about the problems that had been dealt with in different
Surahs of the Quran. So much so that not even a relative or close friend of his
had ever noticed anything in his talk or in anything about him that might have
shown any signs of gradual development towards it before he made his great
claim to Prophethood when he reached the age of forty. This was a clear proof
of the fact that the Quran was not the invention of his own mind and that it
must have been sent down to him from outside.
The second
thing, that had distinguished him
during
those forty years of his life, was his noble character both from the negative
and from the positive aspects. He was never known to have told a single lie or
practiced any kind of deceit, forgery, cunning, craftiness and the like in any
way whatsoever, On the other hand, all those people with whom he had come into
contact in any capacity bore witness to the fact that he had been truthful,
honest, and trustworthy without any blemish whatsoever. As an instance, a most
well known historical fact may be cited.
Only
five years before his Prophethood, the Kaabah was damaged by rains. When they
were re-building it, a quarrel arose among the different clans of the Quraish
as to who should have the honor of setting
Hajr-i-Aswad (the Black Stone) in its proper place.
Therefore it was agreed that the one who would be the first to enter into the
Haram next morning should arbitrate in the quarrel. Next morning the first
person who entered the Haram was Muhammad (peace be upon him). At this all the
people cried out with joy, he is an absolutely trust worthy man, and we are
fully satisfied with him; he is Muhammad (peace be upon him).” This is how
Allah had made that large gathering of the Quraish bear witness to the fact
that he was “the trustworthy” before appointing him as His Messenger (peace be
upon him). Therefore there was no justification for anyone to accuse the man,
who had never told a lie nor ever practiced forgery nor craftiness in his whole
life, of ascribing falsely to Allah his own literary creation, and claiming
categorically and persistently that it was of divine origin.
(10:17) Who, then, is a greater wrong-doer
than he who forges a lie against Allah or rejects His signs as false?22 Surely
the guilty shall not prosper.23
23.
Some foolish people draw wrong and misleading conclusions from this verse, by a
fallacious reasoning. They confine the meanings of falah to long life or
worldly prosperity or worldly success and argue like this: This verse declares
categorically that criminals can never attain success.
The converse of this proposition, that is, anyone who is successful cannot be
a criminal must also be true.
Hence, if a claimant should live a long life after his claim to
Prophethood or prosper in the world or his claim receives a good response in
the world from the people, he should be acknowledged as a true prophet. For they argue, if he had been a false
prophet he could not have prospered, but would have been killed or starved to
death or rendered unsuccessful in his mission, as soon as he had claimed to be
a prophet.
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18-20 Deities other than Allah can neither
harm nor benefit you and Mankind was one nation until they invented different
creeds
(10:19) Once all men were but a single community; then
they disagreed (and formulated different beliefs and rites).25 Had
it not been that your Lord had already so ordained, a decisive judgement would
have been made regarding their disagreements.26
25.
See (E.N.
230 of Surah Al-Baqarah)
and (E.N. 24
of Surah Al-Anaam).
26. The decree that Allah
has ordained is that the reality that shall be kept hidden from man’s senses in
order to test whether he recognizes this by using his common sense,
intelligence, conscience and intuition, and if he does not, he shall be allowed
to tread the wrong ways he chooses. That is why their differences about the reality are not being
resolved by uncovering it today.
This thing has been stated here to remove a common
misunderstanding about the diversity of religions in the world.
At that time, there was a confusion in the minds of the people
(and is even today) concerning this. They said: Different people profess
different religions, and the followers of each religion claim that their
religion alone is the true one. How may then a seeker of truth judge which one
of these is the true religion? The answer is: In the beginning all mankind had
only one religion, and that was the true religion. Then people strayed away
from it and invented different religions of their own with different creeds and
ways. Now if you desire that Allah Himself should uncover the truth and present
it to you to enable you to decide which religion is the true one, you should
know that this will not be done in this life, because you are required to
decide this by using your common sense and intelligence. This worldly lift is a
trial to see whether or not you yourselves recognize the truth by using your
common sense and intelligence.
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21-30
[3]
21-23 Mankind call upon Allah in their
sufferings but plot against Him in their happiness
(10:22) He it is Who enables you to journey through
the land and the sea. And so it happens that when you have boarded the ships
and they set sail with a favourable wind, and the passengers rejoice at the
pleasant voyage, then suddenly a fierce gale appears, and wave upon wave surges
upon them from every side, and people believe that they are surrounded from all
directions, and all of them cry out to Allah in full sincerity of faith: 'If
You deliver us from this we shall surely be thankful.31
31.
The fact that even the
most obdurate mushriks and the most hardened atheists who forget Allah when
things go well with them, begin to invoke Allah’s help when they are pressed
hard from all sides and despair of help from any other quarter, is a clear
evidence that there is the All Powerful Allah Who is controlling each and every
thing in the universe. Refer to (E.N. 29,
Surah Al-Anaam).
(10:23) But no
sooner than He delivers them than they go about committing excesses on the
earth, acting unjustly. Men !
The
excesses you commit will be of harm only to yourselves, (Enjoy, if you will) the fleeting pleasure of this world;
in me end you shall all return to Us, and then We shall tell you what you did.
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24-24 Example of this worldly life
25-30 Allah
invites you to the Home of Peace and Deities whom they worship are not even
aware of their worship
(10:26) For those who do good there is
good reward and more
besides;33 neither
gloom nor humiliation shall cover their faces. They are the people of the
Garden and in it they shall abide.
33. That is, Allah by His grace will
give to those who did good deeds more than their due reward. More= Seeing Almighty Allah in the Hereafter.
— Dr. Mustafa Khattab, the Clear Quran
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31-40
[4]
31-36 Truth about Allah vs other gods
invented by the Mushrikin
31-33
(10:32) Such, then, is Allah, your true Lord.38 And what is there
after truth but error? How, then, are you being turned away?39
39. It should be kept in mind that these questions have been posed
to the common people: therefore
they are not being asked, “How are you turning away?”
but “How are you turned away” The passive voice clearly shows
that there must be some person (or persons) who was turning away the people
from the right direction to the wrong one.
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34
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35
36
(10:36) Most of them only follow conjectures;44 and
surely conjecture can be no substitute for truth. Allah is well aware of
whatever they do.
44. It means that neither the authors of
religion, nor philosophers, nor law makers based their opinions on knowledge
but on mere guesswork and conjecture. Likewise, those who followed these
religious or worldly leaders did it on the mere assumption that their
authors were great people; therefore they must be right. That was why their
forefathers and the common people followed them.0
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37-40 This Quran is the revelation of Allah
37
(10:37) And this Qur'an is such that it could not
be composed by any unless it be revealed from Allah. It is a confirmation
of the revelation made before it and a detailed exposition of the Book.45 Beyond
doubt it is from the Lord of the universe.
45.
The arguments
contained in (Ayat
37) may be
elaborated
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38-40..
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41-53
[5]
41-46 Those who disbelieve in this Quran
shall be the losers in the hereafter
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47-53 Every nation was sent a Rasool for
their guidance
47
(10:47) A
Messenger is sent to every people;55 and when their Messenger
comes, the fate of that people is decided with full justice; they are
subjected to no wrong.
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48-53
(10:50) Tell them: 'Did you consider (what you would do) were
His chastisement to fall upon you suddenly by night or by day? So why
are the culprits seeking to hasten its coming?
(10:51) Is it only when this chastisement has actually
overtaken you that you will believe in it? (And when the chastisement will
surprise you), you will try to get away from it, although it is you who had
sought to hasten its coming.'
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54-60
[6]
54-56 There shall be no way out for the
unbelievers on the Day of Judgement
57-60 Al-Quran is a mercy, blessing, and cure
for the problems of mankind
(10:57) Men! Now
there has come to you an exhortation from your Lord, a healing for the ailments
of the hearts, and a guidance and mercy for those who believe.
(10:58) Tell them (O Prophet!): 'Let them
rejoice in Allah's grace and mercy through which this (Book) has come to you. It
is better than all the riches that they accumulate.
(10:59) Did you consider that the sustenance which
Allah had sent down for you60 of your own accord you have
declared some of it as unlawful and some as lawful?61 Ask
them: 'Did Allah bestow upon you any authority for this or do you forge lies
against Allah?62
60.
It has been purposely avoided to translate the Arabic word rizq into
provisions, for it is liable to create a very serious misunderstanding
regarding the implications of this verse. For in this sense rizq will be confined to food and eatables
only, whereas it is very comprehensive in its meaning and it covers everything
that Allah has given to man, food, children, knowledge, law etc. Instances can
be cited from the Quran and the traditions in support thereof. Thus it has
become, obvious that according to this verse, in Allah’s sight it is wrong and
sinful to adopt the attitude of independence towards every kind of rizq,
including articles of food.
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61-70
[7]
61-65 Whatever you do, Allah is a witness to
it
(10:65) (O Prophet!) Let not the utterances of the opponents
distress you. Indeed all honour is Allah's. He is All-Hearing,
All-Knowing.
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66-67
(10:67) It is Allah alone Who has made the night
that you may rest in it, and has made the day light-giving. Surely in that
there are signs for those who give heed (to the call of the Messenger).65
65.
This is a concise statement of a
very
important subject and requires a detailed explanation. The Quran declares in a few words that
all
religions other than the revealed one are false because they have been founded
on the philosophical research for the primary cause of the origin of the
universe. The philosophical research is after all based on guesswork, and is in
its very nature incapable of reaching to the truth. The right way of arriving
at the truth is to make a study of the signs (e.g. day and night) and of the
Message of the Prophets in a dispassionate manner. For this is the only way of
discovering the truth. Otherwise, if one follows wrong ways, he shall always
arrive at wrong conclusions. Let us now consider several methods that different
people have adopted in search of this knowledge:-----------lengthy exp
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68-70 Mushrikin follow nothing but
conjecture, preach nothing but falsehood
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71-82
[8]
71-73 Story of Prophet Nuh and his people
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74
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75-82 Rasools were sent to the descendants of
Prophet Nuh-similarly Prophet Musa and Haroon were sent to Pharaoh
75
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76
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77-82
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83-92
[9]
83-92 Story of Musa and Fir'on (Pharaoh) and
Children of Israel were delivered from the bondage of Fir'on
83
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84-87
88-89
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90-92
Firauns body saved by Allah
(10:92) We shall now save your corpse that
you may serve as a sign of warning for all posterity,92 although
many men are heedless of Our signs.93
92. Even today the place,
where the dead body of Pharaoh was found floating, is pointed out by the
inhabitants of that region
It lies on the western coast of the Sinai
Peninsula and is now known by the name of Jabl-i-Firaun (Pharaoh’s Mount).
There is also near to it a hot spring called Hammam-i-Firaun (Pharaoh’s Bath),
which is situated at a distance of a few miles from Abu Zenimah, where, they
say, Pharaoh’s dead body was found lying.
If the Pharaoh who was
drowned was Mineptah, who ruled over Egypt when Prophet Moses (peace be upon
him) was sent to him,
his embalmed dead body is
still lying in the Cairo Museum. When Sir Grafton E. Smith removed the bandages
from his mummy, a layer of salt was found on the body, which was a clear proof
that he was drowned in the sea.
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93-103
[10]
93-95 Children of Israel were provided with
good dwellings and food
93
JewsPastine
(10:93)We settled the Children of Israel in a blessed land,94 and
provided them with all manner of good things. They only disagreed among
themselves after knowledge (of the truth had) come to them.95 Surely
your Lord will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning their
disagreements.
94. That is, in Palestine
after their exodus from Egypt.
95. This refers to the
dissensions the Israelites had caused in the divine way and the new religions
they had invented.
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94-95
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96-98 Belief after seeing the scourge did not
benefit any nation except the nation of Yunus
(10:96) Surely those
against whom the word of your Lord has been fulfilled97 will not believed
97.
Allah’s decree that had become applicable to them was this: Allah does not
thrust the faith on those who do not seek after the truth: who obstinately and
obdurately shut their hearts against it with prejudice: who are so lost in the
love of this world that they do not care at all about the Hereafter.
(10:97) even if they
witness every single sign that might come to them until they are face to face
with the painful chastisement,
(10:98) Did it ever
happen that the people of a town believed on seeing God's chastisement and its
believing profited them? (There is no such instance) except of the people of
Yunus.98 When they believed We granted them
reprieve from humiliating chastisement in this world,99 and We let them enjoy themselves for a while.100
98.
Though Prophet Jonah (peace be upon him) 860-784 B.C. was an Israelite Prophet,
he was sent to Iraq for the guidance of the Assyrians, who have been called the
people of Jonah for this reason. At that time, Nineveh, a very ancient and
famous city, was their capital. Its vast remains are scattered on the left bank
of the Tigris, opposite to the city of Mosul, and one of the mounds bears the
name of Prophet Jonah. In order to form an estimate of the glory of these
people, suffice it to say that the circumference of their capital Nineveh was
60 miles or so.
99. As regards to the question why the threatened torment was
warded off from the people of Jonah as an exception to the divine principle,
“Why was there not a (single) township (among those We warned) that believed so
its belief benefited it,” the Quran does not give any details of this, but
merely refers to the story at three places. See (Surah
Al-Anbia, Ayats 87, 88);
(Surah
As-Sajadah, Ayats 139-148);
(Surah
Al-Qalam, Ayats 48-50). Though the story
contained in the Book of Jonah gives some details, these cannot be depended
upon because it was neither composed by Prophet Jonah nor it is a revealed Book
but was written by some unknown person and then inserted in the Bible. Besides
this, it contains some apparently absurd things which cannot be accepted as
true. Nevertheless if we consider this deeply in the light of the allusions
made in the Quran and details in the Book of Jonah, the explanation given by
various commentators of the Quran seems to be correct. Prophet Jonah left the
place of his mission without divine permission after warning the people of the
torment. Therefore Allah forgave the Assyrians when they repented after seeing
some signs of the coming torment. This was in accordance with the divine
principles as stated in the Quran. For, according to one of these, Allah does
not inflict any torment on any people, till He has the message fully
demonstrated to them. As the Prophet did not continue his admonition in
accordance with the appointed term and left the place of his mission of his own
accord, Allah’s justice did not inflict the chastisement because the legal
argument against his people had not been fulfilled. For further explanation see
((((E.N. 85
of Surah Yaseen))).
100. When the Assyrians believed in the message, they were given a
new lease of life. But after some time, they adopted the wrong ways of thought
and deed. Prophet Nahum (720-698 B.C.) warned and admonished them but without
any effect. Then Prophet Zephaniah (640-609 B.C.) gave them the last warning
that “He .... will destroy Assyria and will make Nineveh a desolation”, but it
also proved in vain. At last in about 612 B.C. Allah made the Medes dominant
over them.
The Median king, with the help of the Babylonians, invaded
Assyria, and their army was defeated and was besieged within the walls of
Nineveh. They put up a stiff resistance for some time but then the floods in
the Tigris swept away the city wall and the invaders swarmed into the city and
burnt it to ashes along with the surrounding countryside. The Assyrian king set
fire to his palace and was himself burnt to death. Thus the Assyrian Empire and
its culture came to an end forever. The recent archaeological excavations
reveal widespread effects of the fire.
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99-100
(10:100) No one can
believe except by Allah's leave,103 and Allah lays abomination on those who do not use
their understanding.104 and
conduct.
101-103 Forcing someone to convert to Islam
is prohibited
(10:103) Then, (when
Allah's wrath falls upon the wicked) We save our
Messengers and also those who believe. It is incumbent on Us to deliver the
believers.
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104 107104-107 No one
other than Allah can harm or benefit you
(10:107) If Allah
afflicts you with any hardship, none other than He can remove it; and if He
wills any good for you, none can avert His bounty. He bestows good upon
whomsoever of His servants He wills. He is AllForgiving, All-Merciful.'
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104-109
[11]
108-109 Declare that guidance has come-now to
follow or not to follow is your choice
(10:108) Tell them (O Muhammad): 'Men! Truth has come to you from your
Lord. Whosoever, then, follows the true guidance does so for his own good;
and whosoever strays, his straying will be to his own hurt. I am no custodian
over you.
(10:109) And follow, (O
Prophet!), whatever is revealed to you, and remain patient until Allah brings
forth His judgement. He is the best of those who judge.'
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