Bloged on 06082023
Sura 8 ٱلْأَنْفَال
Al-Anfāl
The Bounties j 9-10
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ٱلْأَنْفَال |
|
|
Classification |
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Other names |
The Spoils of War |
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Position |
Juzʼ 9—10 |
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Hizb no. |
15—19 |
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No. of Rukus |
10 |
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No. of verses |
75 |
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No. of Sajdahs |
None |
Name
The Surah is named Al-Anfal (The Bounties) from the
first ayat. The word utilized in the ayat is الْأَنفَالِ. The word أَنفَال alludes to what is given as an extra sum
past what is required.[6] A very subtle perspective is covered in employing
this word: the reward of undertaking jihad for God is permanently saved with
God
The Spoils[1] (Arabic: ٱلأنفال, al-ʾanfāl;
aka Spoils of War,[2] Earnings, Savings, Profits)[3] is the eighth chapter (sūrah)
of the Quran, with 75 verses (āyāt). Regarding the timing and contextual background
of the revelation (asbāb al-nuzūl), it is a "Medinan
surah", completed after the Battle of Badr. It forms a pair with the next
surah, At-Tawba.[4]
Verse [Section]
Complete [10]
1-10 [1]
11-19 [2]
20-28 [3]
29-37 [4]
38-44 [5]xx
45-48 [6]
49-58 [7]xx
59-64 [8]
65-69 [9]
70-75 [10xx
Surah 8. Al-Anfal
1-10 [1]
1-10 Commandment relating to
the spoils of war (booty) and B
(8:1) They ask you
concerning the spoils of war?
· Tell them: 'The spoils of war belong to Allah
and the Messenger. So fear
Allah, and set things right between you, and obey Allah and His Messenger if
you are true believers. 1attle of Badr, a battle between truth and falsehood
·
· (8:6) They disputed with you about the truth after that had become
evident, as if they were being driven to death with their eyes wide open.4
· 4. When the people in question were required to
fight, they were disinclined to do so for they felt that they were being driven to death and
destruction. Their condition is
somewhat similar for they are now required not to contend about spoils of war
and wait for God's command as to how the spoils of war should be distributed.
· 11072023tue 1444 DhulHaj (12)22
·
11-19 Allah's
help during the Battle of Badr and Allah's decision between Muslims and kafirs
(8:11) And recall when Allah brought on you drowsiness,8 giving
you a feeling of peace and security from Him, and He sent down rain upon you
from the sky that He might cleanse you through it and take away from you the
pollution of Satan and strengthen your hearts, and steady your feet through it.9
· 8. In the
Battle of Uhud the Muslims passed through a similar experience see (Al'lmran 3: 154) above.
On both occasions, when prevalent conditions should have produced intense fear
and panic among them, God filled their hearts with such peace and tranquillity
that they were overpowered with drowsiness.
· 12072023wed 1444 DhulHaj (12)23
·
· (8:12) And recall when your Lord inspired the angels: 'I am
certainly with you. So make firm the feet of those who believe.
· I will
cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieve. So strike at their necks
and strike at every pore and tip.10
· 10. In view of the general principle propounded in the
Qur'an we presume that the angels did not take part
in the actual fighting. What we may suggest is that the angels helped the
Muslims and as a result their blows became more accurate and effective.
· 13072023thu 1444 DhulHaj (12)24
· (8:15) Believers, whenever you encounter a hostile force of
unbelievers, do not turn your backs to them in flight.
· (8:16) For he who turns his back on them on such ar occasion
- except that it be for tactical reasons, or turning to join another company -
he shall incur the wrath of Allah and Hell shall be his abode. It is an evil
destination. 13
· 14072023fri 1444 DhulHaj (12)25
·
· (8:17) So the fact is that it was not you, but it was Allah Who killed them; and it was not
you when you threw [sand at them], but it was Allah Who threw it,14 (and the believers were employed for the task) that He might
cause the believers to successfully pass through this test. Allah is
All-Hearing, All-Knowing.
· 14. This refers to the occasion wnen the armies
of the Muslims and the unbelievers stood face to face in the Battle of Badr and
were on the verge of actual fighting.
·
At that moment, the Prophet (peace be on him) threw a handful of
dust at the enemy saying: 'May, their faces be scorched.' So saying the Prophet
(peace be on him) made a gesture and the Muslims started their charge. (See
Ahmad b. Hanbal, Musnad, vol. 1, p. 368; Ibn Hisham, vol. 1, p. 668; Ibn
Kathir, comments on the verse - Ed.)
· 15072023sat 1444 DhulHaj (12)26
·
·
20-28 Worst people in the sight of Allah are those
who do not use their ommon sense and Guard yourselves against temptations of
Shaitan
c(8:22)
Indeed the worst kind of all beasts in the sight of Allah are the people that
are deaf and dumb,17 and do not
understand.
· 17.
These are the ones who neither hear nor speak the
truth. So far as truth is concerned, their ears are deaf and their mouths dumb.
·
· 16072023sun 1444 DhulHaj
(12)27
(8:24) Believers! Respond to Allah, and respond to the Messenger
when he calls you to that which gives you life
. Know well that Allah stands between a man and his heart, and it
is to Him that all of you shall be mustered.19
19. The most effective means of
preventing man from failing prey to hypocrisy is to implant two ideas in his
mind.
First, that he will have to face the reckoning
and judgement of God Who knows what is in
the deep recesses of his heart.
Even man's intentions and desires, the purposes which he seeks to achieve, the
ideas that he seeks to keep hidden in his heart, are all well known to God.
Second,
that ultimately every man will be mustered to God; that He is so powerful that none can escape His judgement. The deeper the roots of these convictions. the
further is man removed from hypocrisy. Hence, while admonishing Muslims against
hypocrisy, the Qur'an frequently resorts to emphasizing these two articles oi
belief.
(8:25) And guard against the mischief that
will not only bring punishment to the wrong-doers among you.20 Know
well that Allah is severe in punishment.
20. This refers to those
widespread social evils whose baneful effects are not confined only to those
addicted to them, but which affect even those who, although they might not be
addicted to those sins, are a part of that society.
· 17072023 mon
1444 DhulHaj (12)28
·
29-37 If you become Godfearing, Allah will grant you
wisdom to judge between right and wrong and Lawful guardians of Ka'bah are
those who have fear of Allah
(8:29) Believers! If
you fear Allah He will grant you a criterion24 and will
cleanse you of your sins and forgive you. Allah is Lord of abounding bounty.
24. 'Criterion' signifies
that which enables one to distinguish between true and false; between real and
fake.
· 17072023 mon
1444 DhulHaj (12)28
· (8:35) Their Prayer at the House
is nothing but whistling and handclapping.28 Taste, then, this chastisement for
your denying the truth.29
· 28. This is to dispel a misconception common among the Arabs
of those days. They were generally inclined to assume that since the Quraysh
were the guardians and keepers of the Ka'bah and were also engaged in worship
at that holy spot, they were recipients of God's special favours. Here people are told that the defacto guardianship of the
Ka'bah should not be confused with its de jure guardianship.
· 20072023 thu 1445 Muharram (1)01
38-40 Unbelievers, who
embrace Islam, their past is forgiven
(8:39) And fight against them until the mischief ends
and the way prescribed by Allah - the whole of it -prevail31 Then,
if they give up mischief, surely Allah sees what they do.
31.
This is a reiteration of the purpose, mentioned earlier in al-Baqarah 2: 193,
for which Muslims are required
to wage war. The purpose is
two-fold. Negatively speaking, the purpose is to eradicate 'mischief'. The positive purpose
consists of establishing a state of affairs wherein all obedience is rendered
to God alone. This alone is the
purpose for which the believers may, rather should, fight. Fighting for any other purpose is not lawful. Nor does it behove men of faith to take part
in wars for worldly purposes. (For further explanation see Towards
Understanding the Qur'an, vol. 1, (al-Baqarah
2, nn.. 204 and 205, pp. 152-3 - Ed.)
· 21072023 fri
1445 Muharram (1)02
41-44 Rules about the
distribution of the spoils of war
(8:41) Know that
one fifth of the
spoils that you obtain belongs to Allah, to the Messenger, to the near of kin,
to the orphans, and the needy, and the wayfarer.32 This you must
observe if you truly believe In Allah and in what We sent down on Our servant33 on the day when the true was distinguished from the false,
the day on which the two armies met in battle. Allah has power over all things.
32.
This verse lay's down the law for distributing the spoils of war. Spoils of
war, as mentioned earlier, essentially
belong to God and His Messenger.
They alone have the right to dispose of them. As for the soldiers who fight, they are
not the rightful owners of the spoils; whatever they do receive should be considered an extra reward from God rather than their
legitimate right.
· 22072023 sat
1445 Muharram (1)03
(8:42) ---------- Surely Allah is
All-Hearing, All-Knowing.
35. God is neither blind nor deaf nor ignorant. On the contrary,
He is All-Knowing, All-Seeing, All-Wise. Hence, we find reflection of God's
knowledge, wisdom and justice in history
· 23072023 sun
1445 Muharram (1)04
·
(8:44) And recall when He made them appear as few in
your eyes------
· 24072023 mon
1445 Muharram (1)05
45-48 Order of Allah to
remain firm during combat against enemy
(8:47) And be not like those
who came forth from their homes exulting, with a desire to be seen of men, and hindering
others from the way of Allah.38 Allah encompasses all that they do.
38.
This alludes to the army of the disbelieving Qurayash, which, when it proceeded on a military expedition against the
Muslims, was accompanied by singing and dancing
minstrels. (See Ibn Sa'd. vol. 2,
p. 13 - Ed.) Whenever the army halted, dancing and drinking parties were held.
Also the army arrogantly vaunted its
military power and numerical strength
before the tribes and localities which fell on the way, and boasted of its
invincibility. (See al-Waqidi, vol. 1, p. 39 - Ed.)
(8:48) And recall when Satan made their works seem fair to them and said: 'None shall overcome you today. and I am your
supporter.' But when the two armies faced each other, he turned on his heels,
and said: 'Surely I am quit of you for I behold that which you do not. Indeed I
fear Allah, and Allah is stern in punishment.'
· 25072023 tue
1445 Muharram (1)06
49-52 Victory of the believers and the painful death of the unbelievers
(8:50) And if you could only see when the angels took
away the souls of the unbelievers, striking them on their faces and backs, saying: 'Taste the
torment of burning.
· 27072023 thu
1445 Muharram (1)08
53-54
Allah does not
change His blessings unless people change themselves
(8:53) This happened because
Allah is not one to change the favour which He
has bestowed upon a people until they have changed their attitude.40, Surely Allah is All-Hearing,
All-Knowing.
40. Unless a nation renders itself totally
unworthy of God's
favour, it is not deprived of it.
(8:54) Their case is
like that of the people of Pharaoh and those before them
· 28072023 fri
1445 Muharram (1)09
55-58 Treaties must be honored unless broken with proper notification
· (8:55) Surely the worst moving creatures in the sight of
Allah are those who definitively denied the truth and are therefore in
no way prepared to accept it;
·
(8:56) (especially)
those with whom you entered into a covenant-------
·
(8:58) And if you fear
treachery from any people (with whom you have a covenant) then publicly
throw their covenant at them.-----
· 30072023 sun
1445 Muharram (1)11
59-64 Order to remain prepared for war against the
unbelievers and Make peace if enemy is willing to make peace
(8:60) Make ready for an encounter
against them all the forces and well-readied horses you can muster44 that you
may overawe the enemies of Allah and your own enemies and others besides them
of whom you are unaware but of whom Allah is aware. Whatever you may spend in
the cause of Allah shall be fully repaid to you, and you shall not be wronged.
44. Muslims should he equipped with
military resources and should have a standing army in a state of preparedness,
in order that it may be used when needed. Never should it
happen that the Muslims are caught unawares and have to hurriedly look around
right and left to build up their defences and collect arms and supplies in
order to meet the challenge of the enemy. For then it might be too late and the
enemy might have accomplished its purpose. (8:63) and joined their
hearts. Had you given away all the riches of the earth you could not have
joined their hearts, but it is Allah Who joined their hearts.46 Indeed He is
All-Mighty. All-Wise.
(8:62) And should they
seek to deceive you, Allah is sufficient for you.45 He it is Who strengthened you with His succour and the believers
(8:63) and joined their hearts. Had
you given away all the riches of the earth you could not have joined their
hearts, but it is Allah Who joined their hearts.46 Indeed He is All-Mighty.
All-Wise.
46. Here the allusion is
to that strong bond of love and brotherhood that developed among the Arabs who
embraced Islam and whose conversion brought them solidarity. This strong
solidarity existed despite the fact that they came from a variety of tribes
which had long-standing traditions of mutual enmity. This was a special favour
of God on the Muslims, especially evident in the case of the Aws and Khazraj.
It was barely a couple of years before their acceptance of Islam that the two
clans virtually thirsted for each other's blood. During the battle of Bu'ath
both seemed set to exterminate each other. (Ibn Hisham, vol. 1. pp. 427-8-Ed.)
To turn such severe enmity into deep cordiality and brotherhood within a span
of two or three years and to join together mutually repellent elements into a
unity as firm as that of a solid wall as was witnessed in regards to the Muslim
community during the life of Prophet (peace be upon him) was doubtlessly beyond
the power of any mortal. Were anyone to depend on worldly factors alone, it
would have been impossible to bring about such an achievement. God's support
was the deciding factor in this development and this only serves to emphasize
that Muslims should always seek and depend on God's support and favour rather
than on worldly factors.
46. Here the allusion is to that strong bond of love
and brotherhood that developed among the Arabs who embraced Islam and whose
conversion brought them solidarity. This strong solidarity existed despite the
fact that they came from a variety of tribes which had long-standing traditions
of mutual enmity. This was a special favour of God on the Muslims, especially
evident in the case of the Aws and Khazraj. It was barely a couple of years
before their acceptance of Islam that the two clans virtually thirsted for each
other's blood. During the battle of Bu'ath both seemed set to exterminate each
other. (Ibn Hisham, vol. 1. pp. 427-8-Ed.) To turn such severe enmity into deep
cordiality and brotherhood within a span of two or three years and to join
together mutually repellent elements into a unity as firm as that of a solid
wall as was witnessed in regards to the Muslim community during the life of
Prophet (peace be upon him) was doubtlessly beyond the power of any mortal. Were anyone to depend on worldly factors alone, it
would have been impossible to bring about such an achievement. God's support
was the deciding factor in this development and this only serves to emphasize
that Muslims should always seek and depend on God's support and favour rather
than on worldly factors.
· 31072023 mon
1445 Muharram (1)12
65-69 Allah's promise to make the believers
victorious over armies TWO to TEN times larger in quantity than believers
(8:65) O Prophet! Rouse
the believers to fighting. If they be twenty of you who persevere they shall
vanquish two hundred; and if there be of you a hundred, they shall
vanquish a thousand of those who disbelieve, for they are a people who lack
understanding.47
47. What is nowadays
called morale has been described as 'understanding' in the Qur'an. The Qur'anic
expression is more scientific than the currently used word 'morale'. For
the word in this context refers to the one who is fully cognizant of his
objective, who is quiet clear in his mind t
· 02082023 wed
1445 Muharram (1)14
70-71 Treatment to
prisoners of war who embrace Islam
· 04082023 fri
1445 Muharram (1)16
72-75 Duties and
obligations of the Islamic State towards Muslims living in a non-Muslim country
(8:73) And those who disbelieve. they are allies of
one another; and unless you act likewise. there will be oppression in the world
and great corruption.52
52.
If the words 'unless you also help one another' in the verse are regarded as a
continuation of the preceding verse, they would mean that
if Muslims do not support
each other in the way, unbelielers do, this would give rise to much mischief
and disorder in the world.
However, if these words are considered to be connected with the directives
embodied in (verse
72) onwards, their purpose
would be to emphasize that the
world would become full of mischief and disorder if the Muslims
of Dar al-Islam (a) failed to help one another; (b) failed to provide political
support and protection to the Muslims who have settled down in non-Islamic
states and have not migrated to Dar al-lslam; (c)
failed to help the Muslims living under oppression in territories outside Dar
al-Islam when they ask for it, and (d) failed to sever their friendly ties with
the unbelievers.
(8:75)And those who later believed, migrated, and struggled
alongside you, they are also with you. But only blood relatives are now entitled to inherit from one
another, as ordained by Allah. Surely Allah has ˹full˺ knowledge of everything.1
Footnote - 1
This verse ended a previous ruling that allowed
inheritance between Muslims from Mecca (Al-Muhâjirûn, the Emigrants) and
Muslims from Medina (Al-Anṣâr, the Helpers). Now, only relatives can inherit from one another, whereas
non-heirs can receive a share through bequest, up to one third of the
estate. See 4:7, Verse 4:11-13, Verse 4:32-33, and Verse 4:176.
— Dr. Mustafa Khattab,
the Clear Quran
· 04082023 fri
1445 Muharram (1)16
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